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基于表征成键原子的生物活性特征值Ai构建取代苯酚的自相关拓扑指数tT,并以0T1、T为结构描述符,分别建立了取代苯酚诱发浮萍萎黄、对日本长腿蛙蝌蚪的QSAR模型:pC=-2.4591+0.51730T-6.3888×10-21T,r=0.9778;24h-LC50=2.1269+1.1013×10-20T+3.4552×10-41T2,r=0.9676.它们的估算结果均优于文献结果,用Jackknife法检验,以上模型具有总体稳健性。 相似文献
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用自来水和去离子水配制不同的pH溶液,测定涡虫生存及再生的情况,以及涡虫可承受的pH变化幅度,确定日本三角涡虫对不同酸碱环境的耐受性。结果表明涡虫对酸碱环境的耐受力较强。 相似文献
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Jui-Pin Wu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(3):257-269
Although a freshwater planarian is proposed as a potential model for studying toxicities of environmental pollutants, they are less sensitive to metal exposures, compared to other freshwater invertebrates. We hypothesised that the metal uptake is low in treated planarians, which may lead to their higher tolerance to metals. The acute toxicities of Cu and Zn to Dugesia japonica were determined. The 24- and 48-h median lethal concentrations were 4.50 and 3.46?mg?L?1, respectively, for Cu, and 41.97 and 37.79?mg?L?1, respectively, for Zn. Accordingly, combining with the data on Cd in our previous study, higher tolerance of planarians to metals was revealed. Also, tissue levels of Cd, Cu, and Zn in treated D. japonica were determined, and their dissolved uptake rate constants (k1) were calculated. Results showed that bioaccumulations of these metals in D. japonica were, indeed, lower than that in other freshwater invertebrates having higher susceptibilities to these metals. 相似文献
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利用人工气候箱研究了抽穗期低温对杂交晚粳新组合宁67A/K1722开花量、包颈率及结实率的影响。结果表明:低温使抽穗速度明显变慢,开花量减少,包颈率呈现上升趋势,不同温度处理对结实率的影响不同,17℃与21℃处理间差异极显著,而19℃与21℃间差异不显著,不同时期处理及不同处理天数(3d,5d,7d和12d)间结实率差异不显著,表明该组合对抽穗期低温的耐受力较强,对抽穗期耐低温的鉴定指标问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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以海藻酸钠、明胶和海带粉为原料制备了固定化海带生物吸附剂。固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附过程可分为3个阶段:快速吸附阶段、缓慢吸附阶段和吸附平衡阶段。动力学过程可用Lagergren准二级反应动力学方程描述,限速步骤为化学吸附。随Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加,固定化海带生物吸附剂的Ni2+吸附量逐渐增大,Ni2+去除率逐渐降低。吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,说明该吸附体系既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,从吸附状态看属于多层吸附,由Langmuir吸附等温方程得出固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+的最大吸附量为39.43mg/g,说明固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+有较好的吸附性能。 相似文献
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用自来水和去离子水配制不同的pH溶液,测定涡虫生存及再生的情况,以及涡虫可承受的pH变化幅度,确定日本三角涡虫对不同酸碱环境的耐受性。结果表明涡虫对酸碱环境的耐受力较强。 相似文献
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Mei-Hui Li 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):566-573
Fourteen benzophenone-type UV filters and four paraben preservatives were selected to examine their acute toxicities on Dugesia japonica. The 48-h LC50 values for planarians exposed to benzophenone-type UV filters can be ranked as oxybenzone?>?mexenone?>?5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone?> 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone?>?2-hydroxybenzophenone?>?dioxybenzone?>?benzophenone?>?2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone?>?4-hydroxybenzophenone?> 3-hydroxybenzophenone?>?4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone?>?2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone?>?2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone?>?sulisobenzone with a range from 0.9 to 145?mg?L?1 with a similar sequence for the 96?h LC50 values, ranging from 0.5 to 77?mg?L?1. The 48 and 96?LC50 values for planarians exposed to paraben preservatives can be ranked as butylparaben?>?propylparaben?>?ethylparaben?>?methylparaben. Among all the tested chemicals, oxybenzone was the most toxic and sulisobenzone the least toxic chemical to planarian at each exposure period. Most benzophenone-type UV filters are toxic to aquatic animals with 48?h LC50 values less than 10 mg?L?1, except for 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, and sulisobenzone. Because of their common occurrence in aquatic environment, more studies on aquatic toxicities of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservativs are needed to provide important information to adequately assess their ecological risk. 相似文献